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ā ä ǟ č ē ģ ī ķ ļ ņ ō ȯ ȱ ǭ õ ȭ ö ŗ š ț ū ž ü

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to rot
(a)   märgõ vi
(to decay, to rot, to decompose)

a rotten tree   märgõn pū

[they] were a bit rotten at the core   tõ’vstõ rǭz vȯ’ļtõ märgõnd

(b)   oudõ vi
(to rot, to become rotten, to become mildewed)

The grain is rotting.   Vīļa ōdõb ulzõ.

(c)   sīetõ vi
(to rot, to decompose, to decay)
(d)   strū’ḑõ vi
(to decay, to rot, to moulder)

A thing gradually rots, if [it] sits [~stands] in a wet place [~moisture].   Rǭziņ strū’ḑõb ažā, ku pī’ļõb kažīz sizāl.

Cloth, a house always decays and rots away.   Ǭ’rõn, je’l ī’dstī’d strū’ḑõb ja mǟrgandõb jarā.

(e)   trussõ vi
(to rot, to decompose, to decay)

Fabric rots, moist wood rots.   Trusūb ǭ’rõn, miklā pū trusūb jarā.

(f)   trū’ḑõ vi
(to decay, to rot, to decompose)

The tree is rotting.   Pū trū’ḑõb.

(g)   turdõ vi
(to rot, to spoil, to go bad)

spoiled, gone bad, not [any] good   turdõn, maitõn, ä’b ūo riktig

(h)   zumpõ vi
(to rot, to decay)
						
to rotate; to walk around
  rinkõ lǟ’dõ v com
(to turn (round and round), to rotate; to walk around)
						
to roughhouse
  mengiļtõ vi
(to knock about, to roughhouse, to horse around)

He is just knocking about.   Ta set mengiļtõb.

The children are just horsing around.   Lapst set mengiļtõbõd.

						
to rove
  lōnkiņtõ vi
(to rove, to ramble, to wander about)
						
to row
  airõ, sõidõ vt
(to row)

The boat only moves when [one] is rowing it with oars.   Lǭja si’z set lǟ’b, ku tǟnda airõdõks sȭidab.

[One] rows a boat.   Lǭjaks sȭidab.

The fishermen row to the shore.   Kalāmī’ed sȭidabõd a’igõ.

The fishermen want to row up, but the wind is against [them].   Kalāmī’ed tǭ’bõd sõidõ i’lzpē’ḑõn, bet tūļ u’m vastõ.

						
to rub
(a)   broutšõ vt
(to rub, to stroke)

[One] rubs the stomach, caresses [it] gently.   Ma’ggõ broutšõb, paijõb kievāmstiz.

(b)   brutsīņțõ vt
(to rub, to scrub)

to rub [one's] skin   brutsīņțõ eņtš nǭ’gõ

I can scrub something else or rub [it] in this way, to be rubbing in some way.   Ma võib mūdõ midēgõd brutsīņțõ või ne’i ȭŗõ, ȭŗikšõ kuigõd.

He was rubbing against the tree.   Ta ēņtšta brutsīņțiz pū kilgs.

(c)   buzārtõ vt
(to rub, to crumple, to rumple)

[One] crumples, rubs fabric, paper either in [one's] hand or on the table.   Buzārtõb, ȭŗõb ǭ’rõndt, papīert või kä’dsõ, või lōda pǟl.

[It] was like this, [one] rubbed [it] against the table, so the fabric would be soft.   Vȯļ ne’i, buzārtiz pi’ds loudõ, la’z ǭ’rõn vȯlkõ pī’emdi.

(d)   bu’ŗžõ vt
(to rub, to scrub, to scour)

When [one] washes clothes, then [one] scrubs.   Ku ǭ’riņi piezūb, si’z bu’ŗžõb.

(e)   ȭrikšõ vt
(to rub, to scrub)

He rubbed himself against the tree.   Ta ēņtšta ȭŗikšiz pū kilgs.

(f)   ȭŗõ vt
(to massage, to rub, to stroke)
(g)   ȭŗõ vt
(to rub, to scrub)

to rub [one's] hands   kädūd va’isõ ȭŗõ

to scrub the milk pail   lemḑõkst ȭŗõ

to scrub the floor   pȭrandt ȭŗõ

He rubs [his] thighs raw.   Ta ȭŗõb raigād tūorõks.

The shoe rubs [one's] foot raw [~apart].   Kǟnga ȭŗõb jālga kațki.

						
to rub (off, away)
  rūorõ vt
(to rub (off, away), to scrape, to chafe)

[One] wound the bindings around [one's] foot a few times, so the bast shoe would not chafe [one's] foot.   Sidūkst vǟndiz no pǭr kõrd immõr jālga, algõ vīzõz rūorõg jalgõ.

						
to rub (on, against)
  ȭrikšõ vi
(to rub (on, against), to grate (against), to chafe)

The wheel is rubbing.   Kȭr ȭrikšõb.

The trees are rubbing.   Pūd ȭrikšõbõd.

The rope is chafing.   Kieuž ȭrikšõb.

						
to rub (oneself)
  zuinõ vi
(to rub (oneself), to rub up (against))

[One] is rubbing up, rubbing against the wall, against the floor, against the stove.   Pi’ds sainõ, pi’ds pȭrandtõ, vastõ ǭ’jõ zuinõb, ȭŗõb.

						
to rub up (against)
  zuinõ vi
(to rub (oneself), to rub up (against))

[One] is rubbing up, rubbing against the wall, against the floor, against the stove.   Pi’ds sainõ, pi’ds pȭrandtõ, vastõ ǭ’jõ zuinõb, ȭŗõb.

						
to ruffle
(a)   gunktõ vt
(to gather, to ruffle, to frill)
(b)   tšubīņțõ vt
(to fluff up, to ruffle)

[one] ruffles up the bed [to make it] soft   tšubīņțõb azūmtõ pī’emdõks

						
to ruffle (up)
  vatīļțõ, väkkiļțõ vt
(to ruffle (up), to crumple (up), to play roughly with (e.g., an animal) by squeezing and scrunching)

[One] is ruffling up a cat, when a child has [~takes] [the cat] in [his] lap, is harassing [~tormenting] it.   Kaššõ vatīļțõb, ku võtāb si’llõ läpš, mūotšõb.

Don't squeeze and scrunch him!   Alā vatīļț tǟnda!

He is squeezing and scrunching the kitten.   Ta väkkiļțõb kašpȯigõ.

						
to ruin
(a)   maitõ vt
(to spoil, to ruin, to damage)

You are ruining him, you are spoiling him.   Māitõd tǟnda, sa rikūd tä’m jarā.

(b)   ni’ggõrtõ vt
(to ruin, to damage, to spoil)

[One] ruins meat, the meat gets shredded, cut up with holes.   Ni’ggõrtõb vȯzā jarā, vȯzā īeb šnärbõlõks, ī’edtõd ouklimi.

(c)   plo’ggõ vt
(to ruin, to spoil)

The person is only ruining [his/her] life, the person is not thinking anything.   Rištīng plogūb set jelāmiz jarā, rištīng midāgõst ä’b mõttõl.

(d)   rikkõ vt
(to damage, to ruin, to harm)

to ruin [one's] life   jelāmizt rikkõ

to harm [one's] health   tīeratõ rikkõ

He damaged the car.   Ta rikīz mašīn jarā.

The tailor damaged the fabric.   Skrūodõr rikīz ǭ’rõn jarā.

						
to ruin
(a)   pūoštõ adv
((be) ruined, to ruin, to perdition)

May he perish!   La’z ta läkkõ pūoštõ!

(b)   ukkõ adv
(to ruin, to destruction)

to destroy [~to bring to ruin]   ukkõ vīdõ

Many fishermen perished.   Je’ngõd kalāmī’ed lekštõ ukkõ.

						
to ruination
  bū’ojõ adv
(to ruination, to death)

He acts so that he perishes.   Ta tī’eb, la’z ta läkkõ bū’ojõ

						
to rule
(a)   loptāntõ vt
(to decide, to rule)

the meeting decided   ku’b loptāntiz

judging by everything   amā pierrõ loptāntõs

I decided to stay.   Ma loptāntiz īedõ.

(b)   valdõ vt
(to rule)

The Lord rules [over] his people who are his servants.   Izānd valdõb eņtš ro’vžti, kis at tä’m su’llizt.

(c)   vǭļikšõ vt
(to govern, to rule)
						
to rumble
(a)   borātõ vi
(to rumble)

The thunder is rumbling.   Pițki borātõb.

When a child farts, [one] says: "What are you rumbling [for]!"   Ku läpš pīerslõb, kītõb: „Mis sa borātõd!”

(b)   boŗīkšõ vi
(to rumble, to clatter)

The thunder is rumbling.   Pițki boŗīkšõb.

The drums are rumbling.   Būngad boŗīkšõbõd.

The potatoes fall clattering into the cellar.   Na’ggõrd sadābõd boŗīkšõs pa’grõbõ.

(c)   goŗīkšõ vi
(to gurgle, to rumble)
(d)   ki’llõ vi
(to rumble, to rattle)

Tin rattles when it is pounded, pummelled, shaken.   Blek kilūb, ku tǟnda pieksāb, klopūb, dõ’ržtõb.

(e)   koukõ vi
(to croak, to rumble)

[One's] stomach is growling.   Ma’g kōkõb.

(f)   lorīkšõ vi
(to gurgle, to rumble)

[One's] stomach is rumbling.   Ma’g lorīkšõb.

(g)   mõ’ggõ vi
(to rumble, to resound)
(h)   mõ’ggõ vi
(to boom, to roll, to rumble)

The earth is rumbling.   Mǭ mõgūb.

The cannons are booming.   Sūrkabāld mõ’ggõbõd.

(i)   rū’tšõ vi
(to rumble, to shake)

He ran so that the earth shook.   Ne a’iliztõ ne’i, ku mǭ rū’tšiz.

The machines are rumbling.   Mašīnõd rū’tšõbõd.

						
to ruminate
  me’rdõ vt
(to ruminate, to chew cud)

A human does not chew cud; if he eats so slowly, as a joke, [one] says [that] you are chewing cud.   Rištīng ä’b me’rd; a’ž ta sīeb ne’i lougõ, nǭļa pierāst kītõb, sa me’rdõd.

						
to rummage (around)
  mõllõ vt
(to fumble (around), to rummage (around))

[one] is fumbling around with [one's] hand or a stick   mõllõb immõrkouți kä’dkõks või pūkõks

						
to rummage around
  nurkiņtõ, nuŗkõ, tingõ vt
(to dig, to turn up (soil), to root around, to rummage around)

to rummage through   le’bbõ nurkiņtõ

[one] digs around, is looking for something   nūŗkõb, vȯtšūb midāgõst

He carefully rummages around [in] there until he finds something there.   Ta pīenõstiz sǟ’l nurkiņtõb le’bbõ, kuņtš ta sǟ’l midāgõst līedab.

A person who wants [something], goes digging around.   Rištīng kis tǭ’b, lǟ’b nuŗkõm

You are digging the oak's roots clean [~bare] out [of the ground].   Sa tīngad tammõn jūrd paļļõks.

The pig is rooting around the ground with [its] snout.   Sigā tīngab nanāks mǭdõ.

The ground has been dug up by a pig.   Mǭ u’m sigā tingdõd.

						
to rumple
(a)   buzārtõ vt
(to rub, to crumple, to rumple)

[One] crumples, rubs fabric, paper either in [one's] hand or on the table.   Buzārtõb, ȭŗõb ǭ’rõndt, papīert või kä’dsõ, või lōda pǟl.

[It] was like this, [one] rubbed [it] against the table, so the fabric would be soft.   Vȯļ ne’i, buzārtiz pi’ds loudõ, la’z ǭ’rõn vȯlkõ pī’emdi.

(b)   bu’ŗžõ vt
(to crumple, to crease, to rumple, to tousle)

[One] can crumple paper.   Papīertõ võib bu’ŗžõ.

Sometimes just for fun [one] picks up a child and then moves him about like so, [one] says [that] [one] is tousling him.   Mūndakõrd nǭļa pierāst lapstā võtāb kä’ddõ ja si’z , ku ne’i kuigid liktāb tǟnda, kītõb bu’ŗžõb tǟnda.

(c)   šnorktõ vt
(to crease, to crumple, to rumple)
						
to run
(a)   a’ilõ vi
(to run, to rush)

to collide, to run into   ku’bbõ a’ilõ

to run down   mǭ’zõ a’ilõ

to attack another   tuoizõn pǟlõ a’ilõ

to overwork a horse, to overdrive a horse   a’ilõ ibīz

I ran [away] from here like the wind [was] under [my] tail.   Ma a’iliz tästā ne’iku tūļ tabār allõ.

He ran like [his] feet were smoking.   Ta a’iliz ne’i, ku kūondad tū’giztõ.

He ran so the earth trembled.   Ne a’iliztõ ne’i, ku mǭ rū’tšiz.

When the seine bag came, the flounders rushed into the bag.   Ku tu’ļ vadā kuoț, liestād a’ilizt kuoțțõ si’zzõl.

The snipe hurtled towards the earth.   Pițkīzka’briki a’ilõb a’rtiz mǭ’zõ.

(b)   jūokšõ vi
(to run)

The person is running.   Rištīng jūokšõb.

The horse is running.   I’bbi jūokšõb.

The rope runs so beautifully out from the boat.   Kieuž ne’i knaššõ jūokšõb lǭjast ulzõ.

(c)   jūokšõ vi
(to run, to flow, to pour, to fall)

The river is flowing.   Jo’ug jūokšõb.

All of the milk poured onto the ground.   Sēmḑa tikkiž jūokšiz mǭ’zõ.

He is in tears. [~He has tears flowing.]   Tä’mmõn jūokšõbõd pizārd.

The Tsälmõt River flowed then with a completely clear bottom.   Tsä’lmõt jo’ug si’z u’m jūokšõn sieldõ pū’ojkõks tikkiž.

(d)   jūokšõ vi
(to run, to leak)

The bucket is leaking.   Paņ jūokšõb.

The bucket is no longer leaking.   Paņ jemīņ ä’b jūokš.

[One's] nose is running.   Nanā jūokšõb vietā.

[One's] nose was running like a birch in spring.   Nanā jūokšiz nemē kõuvõ kievād.

(e)   õ’vvõ vi
(to stream, to flow, to run)

The water is flowing.   Ve’ž õvūb.

(f)   si’rrõ vi
(to rush (along), to speed (along), to run)

[One] speeds along, [one] goes quickly.   Sirūb, kierdi lǟ’b.

						
to run
  va’llõ vt
(to flow, to stream, to run)
						
to run (a household, business, etc.)
  kuodāndõ vt
(to manage, to run (a household, business, etc.))
						
to run (a rope, etc.)
  pu’gtõ vt
(to stick, to thread, to run (a rope, etc.))

[They] inserted the thread into [~behind] the needle.   Lānga pu’gtizt nõ’ggõlõn tagān.

There were two holes on each side, where [one] ran the rope in.   Kummiš kilgsõ vȯ’ļt kakš oukõ, sīņ pu’gtiz kieud si’zzõl.

Stick it in!   Pu’gt si’zzõl!

						

Redzami 14576 - 14599 no 16848 šķirkļiem